What are Antipruritic Drugs?

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Antipruritic drugs are mainly used to relieve problems affecting skin. These drugs are prescribed to combat itching, dryness, hives, skin inflammation, allergy, and skin infestations (due to exposure to irritants and toxic chemicals). During severe itching and burning sensation, most people often feel compelled to scratch vigorously. But this can further lead to inflammation, soreness, pain and redness. These problems are effectively treated with antipruritic drugs. These medications can be bought over the counter. However, one must consult a qualified physician to confirm the cause of itchiness before adapting specific mode of treatment.
 
 
 
 

What are the different types of Antipruritc Drugs?

There are four types:

  • Antihistamines such as Diphenhydramine
  • Topical Corticosteroids such as Hydrocortisone Topical Cream
  • Local Anesthetics such as Benzocaine Topical Cream 
  • Counterirritants such as Menthol, Mint Oil, or Camphor

 

 

What are uses of Topical Corticosterioids?

A topical corticosteroid is used to decrease inflammation of the skin and relief itchiness caused by contact dermatitis, psoriasis, or eczema. Corticosterioids decrease synthesis of prostaglandins ( a group of lipid compounds) which induce above mentioned symptoms.

 

 

What are the uses of Antihistamines?

Topical creams and ointments constitute antihistamines as one of potent ingredients. They are commonly prescribed for localized itching due to insect sting. Oral antihistamine pill is highly effective in the treatment of widespread itching arising due to infectious disorder like chickenpox. Antihistamines check the production of histamine compounds in the human body. Histamine is synthesized as a defense against allergens or toxic compounds. Apart from itching, histamine also causes swelling. At times, topical antihistamines can trigger skin allergies. In that case, antipruritic cream should be stopped. Some antihistamines cause drowsiness.

 

 

When are Local Anesthetics prescribed?

Local anesthetics are prescribed for irritated patches of skin mostly caused by insect sting or bite. Local anesthetics are available in cream or spray form. These antipruritic drugs reduces itchiness by numbing the nerves near the affected site. However, local anesthesia should never be used for a longer period. It can trigger allergic reactions.

 

 

What are Soothing Preparations?

Calamine creams, emollients or lotions used to cure insect bites, and allergic rash (such as urticaria or sunburn) are known as soothing preparations. These prevents moisture loss from the skin and prevent dryness. They are mostly recommended for eczema, psoriasis and other dry skin conditions.

 

 

What are homemade Antipruritics?

There are items easily available at home that can be effectively used as antipruritics. Some of them are listed below:

  • Household ammonia (ammonium hydroxide)
  • Paste of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and water
  • Chilled water or ice cubes 
External References
tititudorancea.com: Antipruiritc Overview
health.doctissimo.com: Skin Disorder Drugs
livestrong.com: Antipruiritic Drugs
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